The Normans built castles in England and Scotland with garderobes – stone seats perched on the battlements overhanging the castle moat to serve as toilets. John Harrington invented an indoor water closet for Queen Elizabeth I in 1596. In 1775 London watchmaker Alexander Cummings patented a design for the toilet. In 1391 China's Bureau of Imperial Supplies began producing 720,000 sheets of toilet paper a year (measuring 2 feet by 3 feet) for use by the Emperors. New York's Joseph C. Gayetty produced the first packaged bathroom tissue in the US in 1857 (and he had his name printed on each sheet). Toilet paper was first produced on a roll by The Scott Paper Company in the US. Before toilet paper people used newsprint in the US, discarded sheep's wool in England, coconut shells in early Hawaii, and lace among the French Royalty. Ordinary toilet paper has 1000 sheets per roll on one-ply, and 500 sheets per roll on two-ply. The average family of five uses 150 000 litres of water in their toilet per year, to transport 250 litres of waste. An average person visits the toilet 2500 times a year. We spend on average three years of our lives on the toilet. The bathroom accounts for 75 percent of the water used in the home. If each American flushed the toilet just one less time per day, the country could save a lakeful of water a mile long, a mile wide and four feet deep. The longest turd on record was produced by an American who produced a 12-foot, 2-inch turd in two hours and twelve minutes. On average the Pentagon uses 666 rolls of toilet paper per day. Green Bay, Wisconsin, produces the most toilet paper in the world. Apparently, the English didn't want it to be known when and where they were going to the toilet, and so instead of writing "toilet" on the door they wrote "100" which came to resemble "loo" which is where the name is said to come from. It is possible to use Coca Cola to clean your toilet bowl by pouring it in and leaving it for an hour, because the citric acid will remove stains.